Types of Private Insurers

Educational Objective

Describe the various types of private insurers that provide property-casualty insurance:

• Stock insurers
• Mutual insurers
• Reciprocal insurance exchanges L
• Lloyd's
• American Lloyd's
• Captive insurers
• Reinsurance companies 

Introduction
Insurance is a risk management technique, a transfer system, a business, and a contract, and it is provided by several types of insurers. Private (nongovernment) insurers provide most of the property-casualty insurance in the United States. Private insurers also provide some insurance through government-sponsored insurance 

Overview
All insurers provide a means to indemnify insureds if a covered loss occurs, and to spread the cost of losses among insureds. Although all insurers perform these basic functions, the underlying motives of the parties forming different types of insurers are not the same.

Some types of insurers are formed in the expectation that the insurer’s operations will make a profit or provide some other direct financial benefit for its owners. Other insurers are formed by or on behalf of groups of insureds with the motive of making insurance more readily available or making insurance available at a cost lower than if it were purchased through the general insurance market.
Types of private insurers include:

• - Stock insurers
• - Mutual insurers
• - Reciprocal insurance exchanges
• - Lloyd's
• - American Lloyd's
• - Captive insurers
• - Reinsurance companies 

Private Insurers
Numerous kinds of private insurers provide property and liability coverage for individuals, families, and businesses. Private insurers differ from one another in several ways, primarily in terms of: 

• The purpose for which they were formed 
• Their legal form of organization 
• Their ownership
• Their method of operation 

Some of these differences developed through historical circumstances; others resulted from legislative action or the interests of the parties that formed the insurer.

The exhibit outlines the major differences among private insurers. Insurers may also differ according to their licensing status, the marketing systems they use, and the types of insurance coverage they provide. 

Stock Insurers
A stock insurer is owned by its stockholders and formed as a corporation for the purpose of earning a profit for the stockholders.
Other characteristics of stock insurers include: 

• Purpose

By purchasing stock in a for-profit insurer, stockholders supply the capital the insurer needs when it is formed or the additional capital needed to expand the insurer's operations. These stockholders expect to receive a return on their investment in the form of stock dividends, increased stock value, or both.
Therefore, one of the primary objectives of a stock insurer is returning a profit to its stockholders. Many of the largest property-casualty insurers in the US. are stock insurers. These companies have been able to attract and retain stockholders by the expectation of investment returns. 

• Legal form

Insurers formed for the purpose of making a profit for their owners are typically organized as stock corporations. 

• Ownership

The stock form of ownership also provides financial flexibility for the insurer. For example, the management of a stock insurer may
decide to expand its operations by purchasing another insurance company, by expanding into new territories, developing new product lines, or by purchasing a noninsurance company to diversify its operations.
One way that a stock insurer can finance such expansion is by selling additional shares of common stock. The ability to raise additional funds by selling common stock is an important aspect of the stock form of organization. 

• Method of Operation  

Stockholders have the right to elect the board of directors, which has the authority to control the insurer's activities. The board of directors creates and oversees corporate goals and objectives and appoints a chief executive (CEO) to carry out the insurer's operations.
The CEO and a team of senior management personnel are given authority by the board of directors to implement the programs necessary to operate the company.

Mutual Insurers
A mutual insurer is owned by its policyholders and formed as a corporation for the purpose of providing insurance to them. From the perspective of the insured, differences between stock and mutual insurance companies are becoming less significant. Some mutual companies have converted to stock companies through a process called demutualization.
Other characteristics of mutual insurers include: 

• Purpose

Although initially formed to provide insurance for their owners, mutual insurers today generally seek to eam profits in their ongoing operations as do stock companies. A mutual insurer needs profits to ensure the future financial health of the organization‘ A stock company may choose to share profits with its stockholders by the payment of dividends, which are a return on the stockholders’ investment.

Mutual insurers also may opt to share profits, but pay dividends instead to policyholders as a retum of a portion of premiums paid, Some mutual insurers have the right to charge insureds an assessment, or additional premium, after the policy has gone into effect. Such an assessment might be made after the insurer has endured a series of losses from a catastrophic event, such as a hurricane.

These insurers are known as assessment mutual insurance companies, and they are less common than in the past. 

• Legal Form

Mutual insurance companies are formed as corporations. 

• Ownership

A mutual insurance company is owned by its policyholders. The corporation of a traditional mutual insurer issues no common stock. so it has no stockholders. 

• Method of Operation

The policyholders of a mutual company have voting rights similar to those of the stockholders of a stock company. They elect a board of directors that performs the same functions as the board of directors of a stock company. Mutual companies include some very large national insurers and many more regional ones.
From the perspective of the insured. differences between stock and mutual insurance companies are becoming less significant. Such things as potential assessments, which were a disadvantage, and dividends. which could be a competitive advantage, are less common features of mutual insurers today. In fact, the structure of mutual companies is gradually changing, making them more similar to stock companies.
Some state laws now allow mutual insurers to sell stock to the public by creating a mutual holding company, and other states are considering the adoption of similar regulations. Some mutual companies have made these structural changes because they wanted to raise additional capital through the sale of stock to better compete with stock companies, which can benefit from favorable stock market conditions. 

Reciprocal Insurance Exchanges
A reciprocal insurance exchange, or an interinsurance exchange, (also simply called a reciprocal) is an insurer owned by its policyholders, formed as an unincorporated association for the purpose of providing insurance coverage to its members (called subscribers), and managed by an attorney-in-fact. The term “reciprocal" comes from the reciprocity of responsibility of all subscribers, who agree to insure each other. The attorney -in-fact is the contractually authorized manager of the reciprocal who administers its affairs and carries out its insurance transactions.

Lloyd's 

Although not technically an insurer, Lloyd's (formerly Lloyd's of London) is an association that provides the
physical and procedural facilities for its members to write insurance. In other words, it is a marketplace, similar to a stock exchange.

Other characteristics of Lloyd's include: 

• Members of Lloyd's do not take an active pan in the day-to-day operation of Lloyd's. They are investors (companies, individuals, and Scottish Limited Partnerships) that hope to earn a profit from the insurance operations that occur at Lloyd's. 
• Lloyd's is an unincorporated association. 
• Each individual investor, called a “Name," of Lloyd's belongs to one or more groups called syndicates. 

A syndicate's underwriter or group of underwriters conducts its insurance operations and analyzes applications for insurance coverage. Depending on the nature and amount of insurance requested, the underwriters for a particular syndicate might accept only a portion of the total amount of insurance. The application is then taken to other syndicates for their evaluations.
The insurance written by each Name is backed by his or her entire personal fortune. However, each Name is liable only for the insurance he or she agrees to write, not for the obligations assumed by any other Name.
Each individual investor, called a “Name," of Lloyd's belongs to one or more groups called syndicates. In 1994, Lloyd's began admitting corporations as members. Unlike its individual members, corporate members of Lloyd's have limited liability. Corporate members today make up the dominant share of Lloyd's members. 11)
more about Lloyd's. 

(Lloyd's has earned a reputation for accepting applications for very unusual types of insurance, such as insuring the legs of a famous football player against injury. These applications may be the subject of newspaper articles, but the bulk of Lloyd's business does not involve such unusual coverages.

In fact, most ofthe insurance written through Lloyd's is commercial property-casualty insurance, such as marine, aviation, catastrophe, professional liability, and automobile insurance.(1)
Lloyd's has operated continuously for more than 300 years, and Lloyd's underwriters are considered to be among the world's leaders in their fields. Over the years, despite serious natural disasters and occasional mistakes in underwriting judgment, Lloyd's members have had the financial resources to survive catastrophes, pay claims, and move forward to more profitable times. For most of its history, many members have received an excellent return on their investments, and Lloyd's has had little trouble attracting new members. More recently, large losses over several years have created a strain on some of Lloyd's syndicate members. Nevertheless, Lloyd's remains one of the world's most important sources of insurance.

1: Lloyd's, www.lloyds.com (accessed January 11, 2005).)

American Lloyds
American Lloyds associations are much smaller than Lloyd's, and most are domiciled in Texas, with a few in other states. Most of the Texas Lloyds associations were formed or have been acquired by insurance companies. 

Captive Insurers 

When a company, an organization, or a group of affiliated organizations forms a subsidiary for the purpose of
having the subsidiary provide all or part of the insurance on the parent company or companies. the subsidiary is known as a captive insurer, or simply a captive.

Although captive insurers have been in existence since the early part of the twentieth century, the widespread use of captives is more recent, with the major growth occurring since the late 1970s.

Three factors have contributed to the growth of captives in recent years: 

• Low Insurance Cost 

Captives might be able to provide insurance coverage at a lower cost than other private insurers because acquisition costs are eliminated. For example, captives might not have to pay producers’ commissions or advertising expenses because they provide insurance primarily to the parent company. 

• Insurance Availability

A captive helps to eliminate the problems some corporations might face because necessary or desired insurance coverage is unavailable or costs more than the corporation is willing or able to pay. Forming a captive insurer eases the problems of availability and affordability for a parent company that has loss exposures that may be difficult to insure. 

• Improved Cash Flow

The third and most important factor is improved cash flow. A premium paid to a captive remains within the corporate structure until it is used to pay claims. Instead of paying premiums to an unrelated insurer, the corporation is able to invest its funds until the time they are needed for claims.
The corporation can receive a significant cash flow advantage by creating a captive‘ This advantage becomes even greater when interest rates are high, as was the case during the late 1970s and early 1980s, when the number of captives increased dramatically.
Captive insurers have become an important altemative in the insurance-buying decisions of corporations. The relative importance of the factors affecting the growth of captives changes overtime, but it appears that captives will remain an important source of insurance. 

Reinsurance Companies
Some private insurers provide reinsurance, which is a contractual agreement that transfers some or all of the potential costs of insured loss exposures from policies written by one insurer to another insurer.
The insurer that transfers some or all of the potential costs of insured loss exposures is the primary insurer (also called the reinsured). The insurer that assumes some or all of the potential costs of insured loss exposures of the primary insurer is the reinsurer.
Some reinsurers are companies or organizations that specialize in the reinsurance business. Other reinsurers are also primary insurers that enter into reinsurance arrangements with other insurers. A primary insurer might buy reinsurance for a varietv of reasons (One of the most important reasons is that reinsurance permits the primary insurer to transfer some of its loss exposures to the reinsurer.

For example, an insurerthat writes a large amount of properiy insurance in an area where tornadoes commonly occur can use reinsurance to reduce its exposure to windstorm losses.) . 

Reinsurance also enables a small insurer to provide insurance for large accounts (such as large national or multinational corporations) whose insurance needs would otherwise exceed the insurer's capacity.
Click to learn more about the benefits to small insurers

(For example, consider a primary insurerthat writes a commercial liability policy for a large

company that manufactures sports helmeis.
Because the potential for heavy liability losses resulting from injuries caused by defective helmets is great, the primary insurer might contract with a reinsurer to cover all of its liability losses for this insured over a certain amount, such as $1 million.

Therefore, the primary insurer and the reinsurer are sharing the liability loss exposures for this insured.). 

Summary
In the U.S., private insurers provide most property-casualty insurance, but both federal and state governments also provide some types of insurance. Most private insurers are either stock or mutual companies.
Other types of private companies or groups that provide insurance include reciprocal insurance exchanges, Lloyd's, American Lloyds, captive insurers, and reinsurance companies. 

Major Types of Property and Liability Insurance

Introduction
An insurance policy is a contract between the insurer and the insured.
Through insurance policies, insureds transfer the possible costs of losses to insurers.
In return for the premiums paid by insureds, insurers promise to pay for the losses covered by the insurance policy. This promise reduces the uncertainty or insecurity that insureds have about paying for losses that may
The coverage provided by insurance policies enables individuals, families, businesses, and organizations to protect their assets and minimize the adverse financial effects of losses.


Overview
Property insurance covers the costs of accidental losses to an insured's property. The insured could be a family insuring its house and personal property or a business insuring its building, inventory, and equipment.

Many types of insurance are classified as property insurance: 

• Fire and Allied Lines Insurance, 
• Business Income Insurance, or Business Interruption Insurance, 
• Crime Insurance,
• Ocean Marine Insurance,
• Inland Marine Insurance, and 
• Auto Physical Damage Insurance.

Because an insurance policy is a contract between the insured and the insurer, these two are usually the only parties involved in a property loss.


Property Insurance
Property insurance covers the costs of accidental losses to an insured's property, When the insured experiences a loss, such as fire damage to a house, the insured deals directly with the insurer to settle the loss and receive
Payment.


Fire and Allied Lines Insurance
Fire and allied lines insurance generally covers direct damage to or loss of insured property, such as buildings and personal property, at a fixed location or locations described in the policy.
The term “allied lines" refers to insurance against causes of loss usually written with (allied to) fire insurance, such as windstorm, hail, smoke, explosion, andalism, and others.
Examples of fire and allied lines insurance policies are a dwelling policy and a commercial property policy.


Business Income Insurance
Business income insurance, traditionally called business interruption insurance, covers the loss of net income or additional expenses incurred by a business as the result of a covered loss to its property.
For example, when a business has a serious fire, it may have to close until repairs to the building are made and personal property is replaced. A resulting loss of net income occurs over time.
Business income insurance pays the insured for the loss of income or additional expenses that the insured incurs because of the loss during the time needed to restore the business to its pre-loss condition.


Crime Insurance
Crime insurance covers money, securities, merchandise, and other property from I various causes of loss such as burglary, robbery, theft, and employee dishonesty.
Coverage for crime losses that a business may incur is usually provided by separate policies that insure specific types of property against specific crime losses.
Crime losses that a person or family may suffer are usually insured under a homeowners policy.


Ocean marine insurance, one of the oldest forms of insurance, covers ships and their cargo against such causes of loss as fire, lightning, and “perils of the seas." “Perils of the seas" include high winds, rough waters, running aground, and collision with other ships or objects.


Inland Marine Insurance
Inland marine insurance covers miscellaneous types of property, such as movable property. goods in domestic transit. and property used in transportation and communication.
It was originally developed to provide coverage for losses to cargo transported over land but now covers many different types of property in addition to goods in transit.


Auto Physical Damage InsuranceAuto Liysical damage insurance covers loss of or damage to specified vehicles from collision, fire, or other causes.
It is usually part of a policy that also provides auto liability coverage, such as a personal auto policy or a business auto policy.




Liability Insurance

Liability insurance is sometimes called third-party insurance because three parties are involved in a liability loss: the insured, the insurer, and the party who is injured or whose property is damaged by the insured. (The third party is usually called the claimant.)
The insurer pays the claimant on behalf of the insured if the insured is legally liable for the injury or damage. An insured's legal liability for injury or damage is often the result of a negligent act, but there are other sources of liability as well.


Professional liability insurance provides liability coverage to professionals for errors and omissions arising out of their professional duties.
Medical malpractice insurance. which covers doctors and other healthcare providers, is probably the best known type of professional liability insurance, but similar coverage is available to other types of professionals, including insurance producers, attorneys. architects. and engineers.


Commercial general liability insurance covers liability loss exposures arising from a business organization's premises and operations, its products, or its completed work.
These examples of liability claims against an appliance store illustrate the various ways that a business can be liable for the bodily injury or property damage suffered by others:
- Premises. A customer whose finger was caught in a revolving door incurred medical expenses for treatment in a hospital emergency room.
Business operations. Employees broke a water pipe while installing a dishwasher in an apartment, causing substantial water damage to property in the apartment below. Products. A customer's face was cut when an electric mixer sold to the customer malfunctioned and shattered a glass mixing bowl. Completed operations. A short circuit developed in an electric stove incorrectly installed by employees and caused a fire that damaged the customer's kitchen.


Personal liability insurance provides liability coverage to individuals and families for bodily injury and property damage arising from the insured's personal premises or activities. In most instances, the liability arises from the insured's negligence.
For example, a visitor to the insured’s home may slip and fall on the insured’s icy driveway, or the insured may hit a golf ball that accidentally strikes a pedestrian in the head. This type of coverage is included in all homeowners policies.


Auto liability insurance covers an insured‘s legal liability arising out of the ownership, maintenance, or use of an automobile. The legal costs of defending the insured against lawsuits are also covered when such defense is necessary.
The personal auto policy and the business auto policy are the most widely used auto insurance policies. These policies can include coverage for both auto liability and auto physical damage losses.




Summary

The four basic types of insurance - property, liability, life, and health - are generally divided into two broad categories:

1. Property/liability insurance

2. Life/health insurance

Property insurance provides coverage for property and net income loss exposures. It Protects an insured‘s assets by paying to repair or replace property that is damaged, lost, or destroyed, or by replacing the net income lost and the extra expenses incurred as a result of a property loss.
Liability insurance covers liability loss exposures. It provides for payment on behalf of the insured for injury to others or damage to others‘ property for which the insured is legally responsible.

Increased loses

Intentional losses
It is estimated that 37,500 structural fires and 30,500 vehicle fires in 2003 were intentional. Property damage from these fires amounted to approximately $692 million in structural damage and $132 million in vehicle damage.
These figures do not include indirect costs, such as business interruption, loss of use, and temporary shelter costs, nor do they take into consideration human suffering and human loss exposure costs. such as medical expenses and funeral
costs.111
Many cases of arson or suspected arson involve insurance—some property owners would rather have the insurance money than the property.


Exaggerated losses / Claim buildup
Arson is an intentionally staged accident and it represents one form of insurance fraud. The intentional exaggeration or loss in an otherwise legitimate claim is a more common form of insurance fraud.
These exaggerations are also referred to as claim buildup.
For example, an insured may claim that four items were lost rather than the actual three or that the items were worth
more than their actual value. In liability claims, claimants may exaggerate the severity of their bodily injury or property damage.
Physicians, lawyers, contractors, and auto body shop operators can also be participants in claim buildup.


Cost of insurance fraud
Insurers are actively involved in the fight against insurance fraud and use various techniques to detect and investigate suspicious claims. Nevertheless, insurance fraud is a serious problem that results in billions of dollars in excess insurance payments each year.
Fraudulent claims increase costs for both insurers (in terms of both payment for fraudulent claims and the cost of investigating and resisting fraud) and insureds (who pay increased premiums to help cover the cost of those who defraud insurers).


Unintentional losses / Carelessness
Some losses may not be deliberately caused, but they may result from carelessness on the part of an insured because insurance is available to pay for losses if they do occur.
Routinely leaving the keys in an unlocked car is an example of such carelessness. If the car is stolen, the insured would suffer only minimal financial consequences because the insurer will pay for the loss.
The additional losses that result from insureds‘ carelessness increase the cost of insurance for everyone because insurers often pay for injuries and damage that insureds could have prevented.



Increased lawsuites
Liability insurance is intended to protect people who may be responsible for injury to someone else or damage to someone‘s property. However, some people may view liability insurance as a pool of money available to anyone who has suffered injury or damage, with little regard given to fault.
The increase in frivolous lawsuits is an unfortunate cost of insurance in today’s society.

Losses

Overview
Insurance provides many benefits to individuals, families, businesses, and society as a whole. These benefits include:

- Indemnifying for the costs of covered losses;
Indemnifying for the Costs of Covered Losses
Consider the aftermath of a loss for those who have no insurance to recognize the value of payment for losses.
lf fire destroys the home of a family with no insurance, the family members may be left without the financial resources to repair their home or to replace their belongings; they may also have no place to live. A business can incur bankruptcy as the result of a liability judgment it cannot pay, and the employees and owners of the business are suddenly unemployed.
By indemnifying insureds, insurance provides some degree of financial security and stabiliiy for individuals. families, and businesses.

- Reducing the insured’s financial uncertainty;

Because insurance provides financial compensation when covered losses occur, it reduces the uncertainty created by many loss exposures.

A family's major financiai concerns, for example, often center on the possibility of a wage earner's death or the destruction of a home. If the family transfers the uncertainty about the financial consequences of such ‘losses to an insurer, the famiiy practicaily eliminates these financiai concerns.
lnsurers have greater certainty than individuals about losses, because the law of large numbers enables them to predict the number of losses that are likely to occur and the financial effects of those losses.

- Promoting insurers’ loss control activities;
Insurers often promote loss control by wcommending loss control techniques that people and businesses can implement.
Loss control means taking measures to prevent some losses from occurring or to reduce the financial consequences of losses that do occur.
Individuals, families, and businesses can use loss control measures such as burglar alarms, smoke alarms. and dead boll locks to prevent or reduce property loss exposures. Loss control generally reduces the amount of money insurers must pay in claims,
Consequently. loss control helps to improve the financiai results of insurers and to reduce insurance costs to consumers. Thus, society benefits from activities that prevent and reduce losses.


- Using resources
People and businesses that face an uncertain future often set aside funds to pay for future losses. Insurance makes it unnecessary to set aside a large amounl of money to pay for the financial consequences of loss exposures that can be insured.
Money that would otherwise be set aside to pay for possible losses can be used to improve a family's quality of life or to contribute to the growth of a business. In exchange for a relatively small premium, families and businesses can free up additional funds that they would otherwise need to reserve to pay for unforeseen future tosses, such as the loss of a house because of fire.

- Providing support for credit;
Before making a loan, a lender wants assurance that the money will be repaid. When a lender loans money to a borrower to purchase properly, the lender usually acquires a legal interest in that property.
The lender often can repossess a car or foreclose a home mortgage if the loan is not repaid. However, the lender would be less likely to make loans if it did not have some assurance of getting back its money if the car or house were destroyed or if the borrower died or became disabled before the loan
was paid in full. 5 to individuals and businesses by guaranteeing
Hateral for the loan (such as a house or a damaged by an insured event, thereby
Insurance facilitates loan
that the lender will be paid if the co commercial building) is destroyed or reducing the lender's uncertainty.


- Satisfying legal requirements;
Insurance is often used or required to satisfy legal requireme -ts.
In many states‘ for example, automobile owners must prove they have auto liability insurance before they can register lheir autos.
All states have laws that require employers to pay for job-related injuries or illnesses of their employees, and employers generally purchase workers‘ compensation insurance to meet this financial obligation.


- Satisfying business requirements;
Certain business relationships require proof of insurance. For example, building contractors are usually required to provide evidence of liability insurance before a construction contract is granted.
In fact, almost anyone who provides a service to the public. from an architect to a tree trimmer, may need to prove that he or she has iiability insurance before being awarded a contract for services.


- Providing a source of investment funds;
One of the greatest benefits of insurance is that it provides funds for investment. When insurers collect premiums, they usually do not need funds immediately to pay losses and expenses. Insurers use some of these funds to purchase stocks and bonds.
Investments provide businesses with money for projects such as new construction, research, and technology. Investment funds promote economic growth and job creation.
Investment brings additional funding to insurers in the form of interest; this additional income helps to keep insurance premiums at a reasonable level for individuals and businesses‘
Insurers also invest in social projects, such as cuitural events, education, and economic development.


- Reducing social burdens.
Uncornpensated accident victims can be a serious burden to society. Insurance helps to reduce this burden by providing compensation to such injured persons.
Without insurance, victims of job-reiated injuries or auto accidents may need state welfare or the assistance of another social program.
Workers‘ compensation insurance provides payment to injured employees for medical expenses, lost wages, and rehabilitation, as well as death benefils to survivors of employees killed by workplace accidents or diseases.
Compulsory auto insurance is another example, because it provides compensation to auto accident victims who may otherwise be unable to afford proper medical care or who may be unable to work.

Rates
Stale insurance departments regulate insurance rates to protect consumers from inadequate, excessive, or unfairly discriminatory rates.
Inadequate Rates
Excessive Rates
Unfairly Discriminatory Rates
Insurance rates should reflect the insured‘s loss exposures. Therefore, insureds with similar loss exposures are grouped together in a single rating class and charged the same rate. Although other insureds may be grouped in a different rating class and charged a different rate, that rate must reflect the group's loss exposures.
It would be unfair, however, if the different rate reflected characteristics of the group that had no bearing on their loss exposures. Therefore. rates based on such characteristics would not be permitted because they would be unfairly discriminatory.
What constitutes unfair discrimination varies by state, and some states no longer allow discrimination based on such characteristics as age and sex for certain types of insurance. such as personal auto.

Java for testers

В первый день на новой работке, Саша посоветовала мне посмотреть видушки на ютубе под названием : Джава для тестировщиков ) 

Сегодня моя девочка решили поработать подольше и я решил посмотреть таки эти видушки ) 

Я под впечатлением ) мне реально понравилось ) Чувак очень классно рассказывает..

Постараюсь смотреть по одному уроку в конце каждого дня.

А так же тусить каждое утро по пол часа на http://lingualeo.ru/ ) Мне там понравилось..

Закругляюсь.. кисик собирается домой :)) 

Побежал за любимой ) 

пока не знаю как назвать

... хоть сейчас и вечер и я хочу спать, все равно..

Доброе утро! )

Новый день, новые деяния )

Я поучился английскому с клевой преподшей, она все понятно объясняет и дает полезные бумажки )
Рассказал ей про РВЖ, 100500 и thisishorosho )
Посмотрел несколько обучающих видушек. написал положительно два квиза !! УРА
осталось 6..

Нашел нормальный демо сервер и повторяю на нем все что показывают в роликах, так намного понятнее.

Открыл для себя радио в iTunes ) оно клевое и есть из чего выбрать )

Сегодня у чувака в офисе был день рождения и было много много много много вкусной (наверное) еды.. Наверное, потому что я её не попробовал.. я перед этим только только покушал и мне вообще ничего не хотелось :( Поздравил со всеми, сделал чаек и ушел работать )

В офисе все расходятся, становится тихо и приятно )

Оказывается писать в блог очень легко.. главное начать что то писать и мысли сами начинают приходить в голову )

Написал маленький рассказик о себе для HR'a.. стремаюсь что написал его криво ( в следующем месяце его повесят в кофе руме (

Постараюсь завтра написать еще 3-4 квиза и достать, пока не понятно где и у кого, пароли для американской академии страхования...

Пойду, наверное, сделаю кофе и буду собираться за любимой...только она еще об этом не знает ;)